Jung's Seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra 중 - Edited by James L. Jarrett -

he leaves the controlled ordinary home conditions, the familiar psychology, and lifts himself up to a particularly high level where he enlarges his horizon, as sages go into such places for the sake of enlarging their consciousnes and their horizon, to detach themsleves from the chaos of events in order to see more clearly. Therefore the saying of Laotze: The one who detaches and sees from afar sees clearly. And there he possessed his spirit in solitude and for ten years did not weary of it.

a man who is always alone, as Nietzsche was, you realize that your own consciousness then begins stare into your own face. You are always your own speaker and your own listener, you are always looking into your own light, into your own eyes.

the eagel soars high, it is near the sun. It is a son of the sun-marvelous. The bird of light, it is the very high thought, the great enthusiasm.

he is the Phoenix that burns itself and rises out of its own ashes; he is the God that eternally re-creates himself.

It is impossible to create without destroying: a certain previous condition must be destroyed in order to produce a new one.

"Es ist Zeit, hochste Zeit." (It is time, the highest time.)

if one lives in a time when one is not meant to live, because one finds no understanding contemporaries. 

Angelus Silesius was such a man; he lived in a time when he simply could not find his equal. (skip) He locked himself up literally in a monastary where he died. (skip) He (Nietzsche) was first a professor at the University of Basel, but he was not quite understood, so he locked himself away with his complex and lived isolated.

His human existence was quite apart from his philosophy, while in Nietzsche the two began to come together and in a very tragic way. So he goes really further than Schopenhauer whose philosophy is merely a mental affair, while Nietzsche feels that it concerns the whole man; to him it was his own immediate reality. It is impossible to be this on the one side and something entirely different on the other, to have a philosophy which has nothing to do with one's reality.

He trusts to the reaction of the healthy body. The healthy body is the healthy life, and the healthy life is the life of the soul of man as much as his body, because soul and body are not tow things. They are one. 

So an intuitive concept is just a shot at something which we cannot grasp or formulate otherwise than by such a lucky shot; it is like trying to hit the famous silver thread suspended in a cloud.

in assimilating the unconscious, you increase the circumference of your bein to an unknown extent; moreover, you are including something in the totality of yourself which is not under your control; you can only control what is in consciousness.

It is as if you were ruler of a land which is only partially known to yourself; king of a country with an unknown number of inhabitants.

one misses in Zarathustra the concept of the unconscious; there is only the consciuos.

"By the light of the self" - the ultimate light.

Therefore we must be careful not to swim as if we were fishes, but remember that we are human; and we must not resisit by shutting ourselves up and defending ourselves blindly. The symbol of our time and the coming time is Aquarius,

For the culmination of life or the real meaning of life is not the greatest sum of happiness; only very naive people can believe such things. (skip) the really good life is half happiness and half suffereing. (skip) the beauty is beautiful and the ugliness is really ugly, and everything is in its place.

even if they see that the state buys them for the loss of their virtue as a sort of advertising. (skip)

The thing is only wrong whenhe sells his soul to the organization. But it is then bad for the organization too, for the good influence he could exert becomes a bad influence; he is the shining example of on who has sold his soul, and other people imitate him right away. They will sell their souls all the more readily. To be soulless is of course the great danger of any large organization, and it only has a soul inasmuch as a few individuals within it are brave or courageous enough to retain their own souls; if there is only one human soul in it, it has at least that human soul, which is always better than none at all. And isolated souls outside the organization have no power whatever, because they don't deal with the monster. 

if we eat the bread of somebody we must also sing their song; (skip)

you make a fist in your pocket and wait. (skip) it is far more important to them to be in the church than to believe in the church;

(skip) They don't know what it is, even, but if they are in the sacred place, they are sanctified somehow; they see it, they hear it, they smell it, they are under the same roof - and that is enough.

because people need that feeling of totality. (skip) Through a kind of idealism he sells his soul without knowing it, devotes his soul to the state as if it were a god. 

If anything really stinks, it is humanity.

So a great soul does not belong to the crowd, but must necessarily be outside the crowd;

He should be careful and even should seek a certain amount of solitude in order to maintain his isolation. But he would also be lost if he didn't  know how to deal with the crowd.

but of a mental kind, and they do it in order to maintain their happy condition. An inflation is a wonderful thing: you are lifted up from the earth and fly in heaven, looking down benevolently upon the masses.

if he were actually alone one hour every day he would get crazy and melancholic. If you cannot stand yourself for any length of tiem, you may be sure that your room is full of animals - you develop an evil smell.

People are educated in that way. If you have trouble, cast it on Christ, as if he were the animal that caarries your burdens, a scapegoat for your sins; and if you feel hungry, eat him.

You see, people who can agree with themselves are like gold. They taste very good. All the flies are after them.

It is as if you became smaller and smaller and finally are a mere speck in an awfully extended cosmos, and then you either develop megalomania or become a nothingness.

Nietzsche is absolutely in the position of the creator of a world.

Yet to apperceive the situation is not the only task for consciousness. There is still more: you have to hold your own, to fight for your own existence in hte flood. If you simply go under, knowing that you are going under, you have not dealt with the situation. You have to swim, to use every means possible to defend you own against the flood - you must wrestle with those archetypes - and only wehn you are really up against it to the last breath, only then, the revelation may take place. But you cannot foresee how it is possible, so you have to show fight, to hold your own. Usually when archetypes come in, people just collapse - they are utterly afraid, completely gone. Then you can only take the broom and clean up the whole mess, or somebody has to hold them to enable them to stand up against it at all.

For Tao is of the nature of water; it always finds the deepest places and will of course undermine the weak spot;

For the seed is not the tree and the seed doesn't make the tree unless there is the black earth: the black substance is needed in order to create something in reality. (skip) The seeds can remain for a long time without growing if circumstances are unfavorable; (skip) The soil is needed: one could even the most important creative impulses come out of soil. It is as if it were contributing the power of growth;
(skip) we have the feeling of being soiled - even our feeling of cleanliness is against it. We don't want to be mixed up with that kind of psychology, existence of individual. Yet if you don't expose your conscious personality of the danger of being overwhelmed, you never grow. (skip) It even looks in many passages of Zarathustra exactly as if he were not meant to take rook, as if he were really taken away from the earth by a strong wind.

Nietzsche very correctly said that Christianity was a revolt of the slaves in the most realm. He hated Christianity, and surely the morale of slaves is not freedom: it means a new prison. Antiquity did not know the spiritual prison of the Middle Ages; such a condition never existed before in the worlds's history.

virtue is such a power that it can never be extinct. Therefore, it is like a star in that, though it may become extinct, yet on account of the infiniteness of space the ligth travels on. Whether he is able to see it depends upon the observer; if he is near, it will cease to be, but if he is at an infinite distance from the star it will shine eternally. You know, there are many stars in our universe that are extinct but we still see them. Too short a tiem has elaspsed - the light needs perhaps a million years to come here - so if a star has only been extinct ten thousand years, it might take a million more years before we could become aware that it no longer exist.

We only know where the center is, but we don't know where the circumference is. (중심은 의식 혹은 ego에 비유, 원주는 무의식 혹은 self를 가리킴.)

Nietzsche means is that virtue is nothing that can be taught or given or acquired; viertue is what you are, your strength.

That is the way in which the intuitive generally deals, not only with his problems but also with his life; he creates a situation and as soon as  it is more or less established, then off he goes because it threatens to become a prison to him, so his life consists chiefly in movement, in discovering new possibilities.

So in order to be able to adapt, you must have that faithlessness to your memories and to all those you loved in the past, that innocent faithlessness. You have to drift away, forget what you are, and be unconscious of yourself if you want to adapt at all - up to a certain moment in your life. (새로운 삶, 혹은 새로운 단계로 나아가기 위해서는 과거에 대한 집착을 버려야만 함을 역설.) (skip)
you must sell yourself in order to live, so you must create a position which can be handed out to the world as a sort of value which you will be paid for. But that is no yourself really. It is what you have been, and when that thing vanishes, you find yourself in a sphere that always has been, but it was always unconscious up to the moment when you returned to it again.

The temper in which we live and work is the same as that of the Middle Ages only the name is different; it is no longer a spiritual subject, but is now called science.

Natuarally, it is impossible to realize the collective unconscious without being entirely dismembered or devoured, unless you have help, some strong link which fastens you down to reality so that you never forget that you are a human individueal liek other individuals. For as soon as you touch the collective unconscious you have an inflation - it is unavoidable - and then you soar into space, disappear into a cloud, become a being beyond human proportions. (skip) Nietzsche was alone with nobody to understand his experiences.

The fact is, when a man is in a crowd he is inferior, no matter what idea he may have about his greatness. The morality of a crowd is lower than the morality of each individual in the crowd. A crowd is overpowering naturally.

the good thing, the high thing, the virtue, is always an accomplishment, always a summit, and the summit leads no farther. Only when you are down below can you rise, as only after the summit can you descend. But if there is nothing below, you cannot descend.

Try to make it here and now, for yourself. That is good teaching. Then, the childeren will try to make it here and now for themselves (skip) At all events, you leave a good example of how to take care of themselves. If the parents can take care of themselves, the children will also. (skip) And so when a whole nation is torturing itself for the sake of the children, an inheritance of misery is all that they leave for the future, a sort of unfulfilled promise. So instead of saying, "I do it for the children - it may come off in the future." try to do it for yourself here and now. Then you will see whether it is possible or not.

- 융이 1934년에서 1939년까지 니체의 '차라투스트라'를 선택해서 세미나를 했던 것을 기록한 책이다. 실제 내용은 더 방대하지만 J. L. Jarett에 의해 abridged 된 것을 읽었다.

융의 사상은 동의할 수 있는 부분과 동의할 수 없는 부분이 있다. 특히 니체에 대한 해석에 있어서 나에게는 융이 너무도 그의 틀에 맞추어 모든 것을 끼워 넣으려고 하는 부분은 타당치 않게 느껴졌다. '의식'과 '무의식'의 이분법적인 사고와 'mystic'한 해석 등은 내가 동의할 수 없는 부분이다.
정신분석학자들은 빛을 총체적으로 인식하기 보다는 모든 빛에 프리즘을 들이대고 분광하여 그 분광된 색상들에 대해 해석하려고 하는 것처럼 느껴진다. 빛은 존재 그 자체, 그 자체로서의 밝음, 다른  사물을 이해하도록 비추어주는 존재로서 이해해야 하는 것이 내게는 더 올바른 방법으로 생각된다.
니체의 차라투스트라는 태양과도 같은 존재이다. 가까이 할 수도 없지만 그의 언어를 통해 자신을, 주변을 비추어 보게끔 한다. 초인으로의 의지와 인간으로서의 고독, 곳곳에 묻어나오는 니체의 고뇌와 그럼에도 불구하고 타오르는 의지. 그것을 어떻게 다른 말로써 다시 표현할 수 있을까? 그럼에도 매순간 '인간은 극복되어야 하는 존재'라는 말로 자신을 다잡는 마음을 이해할 수 없는가?

그러나, 세미나의 많은 부분은 니체와는 관련없는 자신의 사상에 대해서 설명하고 있다. 내가 융에 동의하는 부분들, 씨앗이 자라나기 위해 대지에 뿌리를 내려야만 하는 것, 새로운 단계로 나아가기 위해 과거에 대한 애착이나 집착에서 자유로워져야 하는 것, 두렵지만 무의식을 대면하고 무의식의 어두운 부분을 골라내어 무의식을 새로운 힘의 원천으로 변화시키는 것, 무의식의 급류 속에서 포기하지 않고 대항하는 것, 끝까지 헤엄치는 것, 집단과 사회에 매몰되지 않는 개인의 덕을 고양시키는 것, 다음 세대를 위해 사는 것이 아니라 지금 이순간의 나의 충만을 위해 노력할 것, 그러하면 아이들은 자연히 따라올 것 등.
융의 관점은 내가 잊고 있던 어떤 부분을 끄집어내어 적나라하게 제시하며 현실의 어두운 부분을 인정하고 그 위에서 성장할 수 있음을 알려준다. 모든 고귀한 것들은 정상에 있음을 알려주지만 그 정상에서 다른 정상으로 올라가기 위해서는 다시 내려와야 함을 인식시켜줌으로써 정신이 더 튼튼하게 성장하여 그 길을 오를 수 있도록 독려하고 있다.

현실에 발이 닿아 있는 것, 어찌 보면 그리 나쁜 것만은 아닌 듯 하다. 그러나 나무가 위로 자라듯 이상을 향해 뻗어나가는 것에 이의를 두지는 말기를.